01 - Combine all marinade ingredients in a large bowl. Add chicken pieces and mix thoroughly to coat. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour, preferably overnight for maximum flavor penetration.
02 - Bring water, salt, bay leaves, cardamom pods, cloves, and cinnamon stick to a rolling boil in a large pot. Add the soaked basmati rice and cook until 70% done, approximately 7-8 minutes. Drain thoroughly and set aside, removing whole spices if desired.
03 - Heat butter and oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add finely chopped onion and sauté until golden brown, about 5-6 minutes. Stir in ginger and garlic paste, cooking for 1 minute until fragrant.
04 - Add marinated chicken to the skillet and cook until lightly browned on all sides, approximately 6-8 minutes. Ensure pieces are evenly seared to develop flavor.
05 - Sprinkle garam masala, cumin, paprika, and chili powder over the chicken, stirring to coat evenly. Add crushed tomatoes and simmer for 10 minutes. Pour in heavy cream and sugar, season with salt to taste, and continue simmering until sauce thickens and chicken is fully cooked through, 10-15 minutes. Stir in chopped cilantro before removing from heat.
06 - Spread half the butter chicken sauce evenly across the bottom of a large ovenproof Dutch oven or heavy pot. Arrange half the partially cooked rice over the sauce. Drizzle with half the saffron milk, melted butter or ghee, then scatter half the fried onions, cilantro, and mint. Repeat the layering process with remaining ingredients, ending with herbs and fried onions on top.
07 - Cover the pot tightly with aluminum foil or a secure lid. Bake in a preheated 350°F oven for 25 minutes, alternatively cook over very low stovetop heat for the same duration. This steaming process allows flavors to meld and rice to finish cooking.
08 - Remove from heat and let the biryani rest undisturbed for 10 minutes. Gently fluff the layers with a fork, mixing the sauce and rice slightly. Serve hot, garnished with additional fresh herbs if desired.